Ba / Pa
The Ba surname is distributed in both northern and southern China. In the north, it is often associated with Mongolian, Manchu, Yugur, Xibe, and Uyghur groups; in the south, it is mainly associated with Ba State, the Dabashan Mountains, and the Ba River.
One origin of the Ba surname is associated with the Feng lineage: Houzhao, a descendant of Fuxi, settled by the Ba River, and his descendants took Ba as their surname. Ba Wuxiang became the leader of the five groups under the title Linjun, and many of his descendants were also called Ba.
Another origin of the Ba surname is associated with the Ji lineage and derives from the name of a state. Ba State in the Zhou period was a viscount state; it was annexed by Qin in 316 BCE, after which the descendants of its rulers adopted Ba, the state's name, as their surname.
The Ba surname has Gaoping and Bohai as commandery seats. Its hall names include Shuangqing Hall and, additionally, Gaoping Hall.
The early home of the Ba people is generally identified as Wuluo Zhongli Mountain in present-day Changyang County, Hubei. After becoming leader, Ba Wuxiang led the Ba people westward upstream along the Qing River, first reaching Yanyang and later settling in Yicheng. Ba activity also extended into southern Shaanxi and the middle and upper Han River region.
Historical figures with the Ba surname include Ba Su, an Eastern Han scholar; Ba Manzi, a general of Ba State during the Warring States period; Ba Tai, a Qing grand secretary; Ba Weizu, a Qing calligrapher and painter; and Ba Hundai, a Qing commander of the Plain Yellow Banner Manchu.
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