Guan / Kuan
Guan is a relatively common Chinese surname. It ranked 166th in the Song dynasty Hundred Family Surnames and accounts for about 0.09% of the Han population today. It is especially found in Jiangsu, Shandong, and Zhejiang, as well as among overseas Chinese and people in Hong Kong, Macao, and Taiwan.
The Guan surname is mainly derived from the Ji surname. One branch descends from Guan Shu Xian, the third son of King Wen of Zhou, whose descendants took the name of the state of Guan as their surname. Another branch descended from King Mu of Zhou and became prominent in Qi through Guan Zhong during the Spring and Autumn period.
The Zheng Tongzhi: Clan Lineages records traditions concerning the state of Guan founded by Guan Shu Xian, Guan Yiwu of Qi, and a Lu grandee whose fief was Guan; it associates the first two with the Ji surname.
The Guan surname has the commanderies of Pingyuan and Jinyang as notable ancestral seats. Its hall names include Pingyuan Hall, Jinyang Hall, and Kuangshi Hall.
In the early Ming dynasty, one branch from Guangshan moved to Xincai. The Guan surname was also among the surnames of migrants from the Hongdong locust tree in Shanxi, who were dispersed across Henan, Hebei, Shandong, Shaanxi, Tianjin, Jiangsu, and Anhui. During the Qing dynasty, some moved across the sea to Taiwan or overseas, while some from Shandong migrated northeast for a livelihood.
Guan Zhong was a Qi statesman of the Spring and Autumn period who helped Duke Huan of Qi establish his hegemony and carried out reforms. Guan Ning was a scholar of the Three Kingdoms period, Guan Lu was a Wei diviner of that period, and Guan Daosheng was a renowned female painter of the Yuan dynasty.
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