Jia / Jia
The surname Jia, pronounced jiā, is relatively rare today. It occurs in Taiyuan, Yangquan, Yuncheng, and Shuozhou in Shanxi, as well as Yima in Henan, Ningde in Fujian, and Hejiang in Sichuan. It is found among both Han and Dai people.
Three origins are recorded for the Jia surname: descendants of the Zhou official Jiafu adopted an ancestor's name as their surname; descendants of Ju, a grandson of Duke Zhuang of Lu whose courtesy name was Zijia, adopted the ancestral courtesy name; and descendants of the Jin official Jiaputu shortened the compound surname Jiapu to Jia.
The Jia surname is included in the clan section of Zheng Tongzhi. Zheng Qiao's annotations connect one line to descendants of Jiafu, a Zhou official of the Ji clan, who adopted a courtesy name as their surname, and also record that the Lu surname Zijia became Jia.
The Jia clan's commandery seats were Jingzhao and Nan'an, and its hall names were Jingzhao Hall and Nan'an Hall. Jingzhao corresponded roughly to the area from present-day Xi'an to Huaxian in Shaanxi; Nan'an was administered from Didao and covered roughly eastern Longxi, Dingxi, Wushan, and nearby areas in Gansu.
The Jia clan initially lived mainly in the Central Plains and later moved into surrounding regions. During the Han and Tang periods, prominent branches emerged in Shaanxi and Gansu, with Jingzhao and Nan'an as their commandery seats. After the Song period, Meishan in Sichuan became a major settlement.
Jia Xuanweng (1213–1294), a scholar of the late Song from Meizhou, used the sobriquet Zetang. When Yuan forces reached Lin'an, he refused to sign a proclamation ordering surrender; after being sent to the Yuan camp, he was detained and vowed not to serve the Yuan. His works included Chunqiu Xiangshuo and Zetang Ji.
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