Jiang / Chiang
The Jiang surname has about 3.62 million people today and is nominally ranked 74th. It is mainly distributed along and south of the Yangtze River, concentrated in Guangdong, Guangxi, Fujian, and southern Hunan, with the largest concentration in Guangxi.
The Jiang surname mainly derives from the Ying, Ji, and Zi surnames, and also includes origins from ethnic groups adopting the surname.
Jiang was a state of the Ying surname, traditionally descended from Boyi, the great-grandson of Zhuanxu. Chu destroyed Jiang in 623 BCE, after which its descendants adopted the state name as their surname. Related records appear in Yuanhe Xingzuan, Tongzhi: Shizulüe, and the Shizulüe sections of Zheng Tongzhi, Xu Tongzhi, and Qing Tongzhi.
The Jiang surname has Huaiyang and Jiyang as commandery associations. Its principal hall names include Zhonglian, Liugui, Yuqing, and Dunmu.
After the fall of Jiang, some Jiang people were forcibly relocated by Chu to Jiangting, while others fled north to Chen. During the Qin and Han periods they were mainly active in Henan, Shandong, and Hubei; during the Wei, Jin, and Northern and Southern Dynasties they continued moving southeast to Zhejiang, settling in Kuaiji.
Historical figures with the Jiang surname include Jiang Chong of the Western Han, Jiang Yan of the Southern Dynasties, Jiang Wanli of the Southern Song, and Jiang Yong of the Qing.
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