Liu / Liu
One account traces 六 to the Yan surname: descendants of Gao Yao were enfeoffed in Liu and later adopted the state name as their surname. Another traces it to Ji Fangshu, a minister under King Xuan of the Western Zhou, whose descendants changed their surname to avoid disaster.
The surname 六 is recorded in Zhongguo Xingshi Daquan and Zhongguo Gujin Xingshi Cidian, both with the pronunciation lù. Xingshi Kaolue quotes Xingyuan Yunpu: “Yan surname; descendant of Gao Yao, enfeoffed in Liu; later used it as a surname.”
The recorded commanderies are Henan and Xin'an; the recorded hall name is Zhengxue Hall.
One branch of Fang Xiaoru’s descendants changed their surname to 六 and mainly lived around present-day Jiangdu in Yangzhou, Jiangsu; another account places Fang Xiaoru’s descendants seeking refuge in Jiangyin, Jiangsu. The surname is currently distributed in Wuchang, Hubei; Changzhi, Shanxi; and Yongfu, Guangxi.
Fang Xiaoru is recorded as the founding ancestor of the Liu surname. During the Jianwen period of the Ming dynasty, he served as an attendant academician and was killed after refusing to draft an accession edict for Prince Yan Zhu Di; his descendants sought refuge and changed their surname to 六.
The surname 六 is pronounced lù (ㄌㄨˋ); its traditional form remains 六 and it should not be written as 陆.
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