Qiao / Ch'iao
The Qiao surname originated from the Ji surname and developed from the Qiao surname written as Qiao with the wood radical. According to tradition, descendants of the Yellow Emperor formed the Qiao surname from the name of Bridge Mountain, which later evolved into Qiao.
During the Northern and Southern Dynasties, Yuwen Tai, chancellor of Western Wei, ordered the Qiao surname to remove the wood radical and become Qiao, expressing the meaning of height and loftiness.
The Tongzhi: Genealogical略 records that the Qiao surname arose because the Yellow Emperor was buried at Bridge Mountain and his descendants guarded the tomb. The Tang History records that the Later Zhou Emperor ordered the Qiao surname to remove the wood radical and become Qiao.
During the Han and Jin periods, the Qiao surname was mainly active in Shanxi, Shaanxi, Inner Mongolia, Hebei, and Henan, and had entered Hunan and Sichuan by the Northern and Southern Dynasties. During the Tang and Song periods it expanded toward Shandong and the Jiangsu-Zhejiang region; after the Ming dynasty, a concentration centered on Henan and Shandong took shape.
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