Bā / Pa
The Ba surname is a multi-ethnic, multi-lineage surname group. Its three principal origins use three different tones, and its total population is only slightly over 20,000, with Jincheng, Jingzhao, and Liyang as its main commanderies of origin.
One Ba line descends from Donglou Gong, ruler of the state of Qi during the Spring and Autumn period. In 189, during the reign of Emperor Ling of the Eastern Han, Qi Kang changed his surname to Ba to evade Dong Zhuo's persecution; this line is pronounced bā.
One Ba line derives from the aristocracy of the Gaochang Uyghur Kingdom during the Yuan period and adopted Ba through sinicization of an ancestor's name. It is pronounced bā, and its descendants are found in present-day Wujin and Liyang in Changzhou, Yixing in Wuxi, and Danyang in Zhenjiang, Jiangsu.
At the beginning of the Hongwu era under the Ming founder, the Bilal clansmen Baergong and Baerkuan of the Mongolian Barga tribe were granted the surname Ba by Zhu Yuanzhang for military merit. Their descendants spread through Yunnan and Guizhou, and this line is pronounced bā.
The Ba surname's commanderies of origin include Jincheng, Jingzhao, and Liyang. Its hall names are Jincheng Hall, also called Lanzhou Hall or Yongdeng Hall, Jingzhao Hall, and Liyang Hall; all are named after commanderies of origin.
Ba families are distributed in Lanzhou, Yongdeng, and Minle in Gansu; Nanjing, Liyang, Yixing, Danyang, Siyang, and Xuzhou in Jiangsu; Shanghai; Ledu in Qinghai; and Songming and Luliang in Yunnan, as well as Anhui, Heilongjiang, Taiwan, and the United States.
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