Surname Overview
Surname Status and Reading
The source explicitly lists Biao (標) as a currently rare surname, pronounced biāo. It also presents same-form surname data from different groups and regions, which should not be merged into a single lineage.
Reference: 标姓_标姓的来源和历史_百家姓
Origins
Dong-Origin Account
The source attributes this account to the Dong people and says that, in the late Yuan period, the surname arose from an official title among the Dong or Dongliao. According to an account by Biao Longwu of Longsheng, Guangxi, the ancestors were local tusi of Yining County in Liuzhou Circuit and inherited the surname from the official title “Biao.” The source states that the details remain to be verified.
Reference: 标姓_标姓的来源和历史_百家姓
Mongolian Biaote Origin Account
Citing the Qing Tongzhi, the source says that the Mongolian Biaote clan was also called Biaote with the forms 標特 and 彪特, and lived in Kalaqin. From the mid-Qing period onward, some Biaote members adopted the Han surnames Yang, Biao, or Biao (標). The source also says that some Manchus adopted it as a surname, without specifying a particular lineage.
Reference: 标姓_标姓的来源和历史_百家姓