Historical Records
Documentary References
The page says that the Zheng Tongzhi, “Clan Records,” includes the surname and that its earliest attestation is in the Xiyuan. It also explains the origin through the Surname Textual Research citing a note to the Shuoyuan and through Zheng Qiao citing the Zuozhuan. Regarding the relationship between 佼 and 绞, the page reports that the 佼 in the name of Jiao Qiang, a bandit chief of Shanyang during Emperor Guangwu of Han, was “即绞”; this remains the page’s own transmission of the claim.