One account traces the surname to the Feng lineage, holding that Tang-surnamed descendants of the ancient Emperor Fuxi adopted an official title as their surname; some descendants of officials called Jiaohou adopted Jiao as their surname.
Xingshi Kaolüe records a man named Jiaofu in the time of the Yellow Emperor and associates the beginning of the surname with him; another entry describes its bearers as Jiaofu's descendants.
In the ninth lunar month of 1404, Jiao Taipu, identified as the progenitor of the Hebei Jiao lineage, migrated from Hongdong, Shanxi; descendants later moved to Beijing and to Dacheng, Hejian, and other places in Hebei. Members are now recorded in Beijing, Tianjin, Hebei, Liaoning, Gansu, Jiangsu, Jilin, Shandong, Heilongjiang, Zhejiang, Shanghai, Taiwan, and other locations.
During the reign of Emperor Shenzong of Song, Jiao Shun advanced from Left-Rank Palace Attendant to Eastern Palace Supply Officer. Jiao Zheng was the left-list top graduate in the thirteenth examination of 1357, and Jiao Yuzhang was the military top graduate in the 1697 dingchou examination.
Two pronunciations are recorded for the surname, jiào and jiǎo, so a single definitive pronunciation cannot be established here.
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