Xín / Hsin
The Tan surname originated in the ancient Ba state and is a surname formed from a place name. Its population is small, with major concentrations in Shandong, Gansu, Yunnan, and Sichuan.
Reference: 镡姓怎么读？读tán、chán还是shàn？揭秘这个冷僻姓氏的前世今生 - 百度文库
As a surname, tán is currently the most widely used reading. chán preserves the original reading of the ancient Ba people, and branches using it remain in Yunnan, Sichuan, and Heilongjiang.
The Tan surname arose from Tan territory in the Ba state and was formed from the name of a place of residence. Tan territory has been located approximately in today’s Jialing River basin of Chongqing, with other views placing it in Wenshan, Yunnan, or Zhaotong’s Zhenxiong.
The Tan surname mainly has three readings, tán, chán, and shàn, which are different readings of the same origin. The shàn branch is concentrated around Tanhe Township and Tanba in Cheng County, Gansu.
The character is read xín when it denotes the protruding end of a sword hilt, but the surname is not pronounced xín.
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