Gāng / Kang
The source explicitly lists “阬” as a surname and calls it a currently rather rare surname; it records distribution in Gaoyao, Guangdong, and Tianlin, Guangxi, among other places. The source does not specify an ethnic group or national naming system.
Another account holds that the surname may have arisen from residence in a place called “阬”; the source further places the former site twenty-six li east of present-day Linru County, Henan. This account is quoted from the Xingshi Kaolue, and the source gives no further administrative history or later migration record.
The source records three pronunciations, kēng, kàng, and gāng, and notes that the Xutongzhi places the surname under the falling-tone section. It also quotes the Zuo Zhuan commentary as “阬, 苦康反” and discusses possible readings kēng and kōng. The source is internally non-uniform on pronunciation.
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