Xian / Xian
The surname Xian is pronounced xiàn and is currently relatively rare. It is distributed in places including Jing County in Hebei, Qingyuan in Liaoning, Taiyuan and Yangquan in Shanxi, Yongdeng in Gansu, Laokou in Hubei, Gaoyao in Guangdong, and Longchuan in Yunnan. It is recorded in the Clan Records sections of the Xu Tongzhi and Qing Tongzhi, and first appears in the Xingyuan.
During the Ming and Qing periods, the pacification commissioner of Lujiang and the native official of Baoshan County in Yongchang Prefecture in Yunnan belonged to the Xian clan and were Dai. Today, the surname Xian is found among the Han, Mongolian, Manchu, Dai, Hui, and other ethnic groups.
The surname Xian appears in the Xingyuan and is also recorded in the Clan Records sections of the Xu Tongzhi and Qing Tongzhi. Historical figures include Xian Rong in the Yuan dynasty, Xian Bugun in the Ming dynasty, and Xian Guoan in the Qing dynasty.
Yunnan may have been the base of the Xian clan. Some members remained there, while others moved north to Gansu and Shaanxi, or east and northeast to Jiangsu, parts of Hebei, and Shenyang, later spreading outward from those areas.
The epitaphs discovered in Diaoyutai Town, Xingcheng, include those of Ming general Xian Gang, his son Xian Zhen and Xian Zhen's wives, and Xian Bugun, the grandson of Xian Zhen. They date from the first year of the Jiajing era (1522) to the forty-fourth year (1566), and the four generations of epitaphs record five generations of the Xian family genealogy.
The records treat 綫 and 線 as variant forms, noting that they may have been used to distinguish branches as surnames and are now both simplified as 线. They also state that 献, 宪, and 羡 may be mistaken writings of 缐, pending further examination.
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