Surname Overview
The Zhai surname traces its lineage to the Yellow Emperor, with Zhai Bo regarded as its founding ancestor. It ranks 108th among contemporary Chinese surnames, with a population of about 1.4 million, accounting for approximately 0.11% of the national population.
Reference: 洪洞大槐树 | 每期一姓——翟姓_翟氏_始祖_山西
Origins
The Zhai surname has two main origins: one derives from the Kui surname and descends from the Di people; the other derives from the Qi surname, whose descendants took Zhai, their place of residence, as their surname.
Reference: 洪洞大槐树 | 每期一姓——翟姓_翟氏_始祖_山西
Historical Records
Documentary Attestation
The earliest record of the Zhai surname is found in the Tang-dynasty work Yuanhe Xing Zuan.
Reference: 洪洞大槐树 | 每期一姓——翟姓_翟氏_始祖_山西
Commanderies and Clan Halls
Commandery and Hall Names
The principal commandery of the Zhai surname is Nanyang Commandery. Its principal hall name is Chuanshi Hall, also known as Chongwei Hall.
Reference: 洪洞大槐树 | 每期一姓——翟姓_翟氏_始祖_山西
Migration and Distribution
Before the Qin dynasty, the Zhai surname was concentrated mainly in Henan, Shanxi, Hebei, and Shandong. After the Qin and Han periods it spread northward into the Northeast and southward into Jiangsu and Anhui; during the Tang and Song periods it crossed the Yangtze into Hunan, Zhejiang, and Jiangxi, and by the Ming and Qing periods it was found across the country.
Reference: 洪洞大槐树 | 每期一姓——翟姓_翟氏_始祖_山西
Genealogy and Generation Names
Zhai genealogies are recorded in Hebei, Jiangsu, Zhejiang, Anhui, Shandong, Hubei, Guangdong, and Jilin. The Xihe Zhai lineage of Zichuan, Shandong, has generation-name registers for its third, fourth, fifth, seventh, eighth, and ninth branches.
Reference: 洪洞大槐树 | 每期一姓——翟姓_翟氏_始祖_山西