Jie / Jie
The source says the origins are multiple: Zheng Qiao, citing Fengsu Tong, attributes it to the Cao surname and to descendants of Jie Zi, a prince of Zhu; Xing Shi Kao Lue, citing a note to Huainanzi, tentatively identifies Jie Duo, a minister of the Yellow Emperor, as its beginning; it also cites Lu Shi on a Jie surname after Ju and, because Ju was a state of the Ying surname, says this Jie should derive from Ying.
The source separately lists an account deriving the surname from Cao and says it is an Xianbei surname, citing Zizhi Tongjian. These are the source's citations and summaries, not independently verified conclusions from the original works.
The source only explicitly identifies distribution in Beijing and Chengdu, Sichuan; it gives no population figure or statistical year, so no population-size assessment is made.
The source lists Jie Zi, a man of Qi in the Warring States period, and Jie Qian, a general of Fu Qipan of Western Qin at the end of the Eastern Jin; it calls Jie Qian Xianbei. It gives no shared genealogy or clan connection between them.
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These catalogs or datasets attest written names, not every origin or lineage claim on this page.
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